BASIC
TRADE MATHEMATICS
Methods
for Checking Arithmetical Problems
- Method
for Checking Multiplication
Method for Checking Addition
Method for Checking Division
Square
Root
- Extracting
Square Root
Solving Right Triangles with Square Root.
The
Circle
Solution
of Right Triangles with Trigonometry
- Functions
of Angles
Finding Set, Run, and Travel
Finding Angles with Trigonometry
Pipe
Bends
- Simple
Bends
Wrinkle Bends
Single Offset Bends
Double Offset Bends
Expansion Bends
Linear
Expansion of Piping
Capacities
of Tanks
- Rectangular
Tanks
Cylindrical Tanks
Figuring the Approximate Capacity of Partly Filled Round Tanks
Elliptical Tanks Spheres
Frustum-Shaped Tanks
Figuring the Capacity of a Coal Bin
Leverage
Methods
of Laying Out Angles
- Laying
Out Angles with a Steel Square
Simplified Method of Laying Out Angles with a Steel Square
Laying Out Angles with a Two-Foot Rule
Laying Out Angles with a Six-Foot Rule
Method
of Making a Square Method of Laying Out an Elliptical-Shaped Hole on
Steel Plate
Method of Laying Out Bolt Holes for Flanges
Method of Laying Out Ring Gaskets
Figuring Rod Lengths for U Bolts
PIPE-FITTING
CALCULATION
Calculated
45° Offsets
Simple
Offsets Two-Pipe Equal-Spread Offsets
- Two-Pipe
22 1/2° Equal-Spread Offset
Two-Pipe 30° Equal-Spread Offset
Two-Pipe 45° Equal-Spread Offset
Two-Pipe 60° Equal-Spread Offset
Pipe
Offsets around Obstructions
- Starting
Point of a 45° Offset around a Square Obstruction
Starting Point of a 45° Offset around a Tank.
Three-Pipe 45° Equal-Spread Offset around a Tank
Two-Pipe 45° Equal-Spread Offset
Three-Pipe Equal-Spread Offset around a Square Obstruction
45° Unequal Spread Offsets
Offsetting Pipe around a Tank in a Corner Using 45° Fittings.
Special
Offsets
Tank
Coils
Rolling
Offsets
Finding Travel and Run for a Rolling Offset
Simplified Method of Figuring a Rolling Offset.
PIPE-WELDING
LAYOUT
General
The
Wrap Around
Division
of Pipe Surface into Four Equal Parts
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Turns
Formula
for Angle of Cut
Laying Out Cut Lines for a Two-Piece 90° Turn
Laying Out Cut Lines for a Two-Piece 45° Turn
Laying Out Cut Lines for a Four-Piece 90° Turn
Determining the Length of Cut Pieces for a Three-Piece 90° Turn
Determining the Length of Cut Pieces for a Four-Piece 90° Turn
Determining the Length of Cut Pieces for Special Welded Turns
Laying Out Cut Lines for Miter Turns on Large Pipe with 16 Divisions
Tees
Tees
- Full-Size
Tee
Reducing Tee (First Method)
Reducing Tee (Second Method)
Laterals
- Full-Size
Lateral
Reducing Lateral
True
Y
Reducers
- Concentric
Reducer
Eccentric Reducer.
Two-Cut Eccentric Reducer
Methods
of Blanking Off Pipe
- Orange
Peel
Bull Plug
Full-Size Cross
Branch
Pipe From Back of Welding Elbow
Welded
Offset Formula
Welded
Rolling Offsets
Angle
Iron Brackets
30°
x 60° Angle Iron Brackets
45°
Angle Iron Brackets
Fabricating
Fittings From 90° Welding Elbows
REFERENCE
TABLES
Standard
Cast-Iron Screwed Fittings
Steel
Butt-Welding Fittings
- Elbows
Tees
Reducing Tees
Reducers
Ring
Gaskets for Companion Flanges
Cast Iron Flanged Fittings
- 125
Pound Cast Iron Flanged Fittings
250 Pound Cast Iron Flanged Fittings
Standard
Companion Flanges and Bolts
Extra
Heavy Companion Flanges and Bolts
Drill
Sizes for Pipe Taps
Tap and Drill Sizes (United States Standard)
Standard Pipe Data
Copper Tube-Type K
Copper Tube-Type L
Copper Tube-Type M
Polyvinyl Chloride Plastic Pipe (PVC) Normal Impact
Polyvinyl Chloride Plastic Pipe (PVC), High Impact
Support Spacing for Polyvinyl Chloride Plastic Pipe (PVC)
Bending Radius for Polyvinyl Chloride Plastic Pipe (PVC)
United States Standard Gauge for Sheet Steel
Useful Information on Various Materials
Boiling Points of Water at Various Pressures
Water Pressure in Pounds With Equivalent Heads
Heads of Water in Feet With Equivalent Pressures
Useful Information
Formulas
Weights and Measures
Multipliers That Are Useful to the Trade
Decimal Equivalents of Fractions of an Inch
Minutes Converted to Decimals of a Degree
Inches Converted to Decimals of Feet
Circumferences and Areas of Circles
Squares, Cubes, and Square and Cube Roots
Trigonometry Table.
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